To deliver a 30-minute binaural beats audio intervention in PACU and collect pain and anxiety outcomes immediately following surgery, and 4 hours following surgery completion in adults undergoing ambulatory total knee arthroplasty and total hip arthroplasty (TKA and THA).
Inclusion Criteria
- American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status Classification System (ASA) 1-3
- Spinal anesthesia
- Patients receiving nerve-block in Post-Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU)
- Primary total hip or total knee arthroplasty
Exclusion Criteria
- Moderate-severe hearing impairment or use of hearing aids
- History of significant tinnitus, active delirium, chronic high-dose opioid therapy (\>60 MME/day baseline)
- Major psychiatric pathology
- General anesthesia